| In northern Russia, melting permafrost has damaged roads, railways, and airport runways and ruptured oil and gas pipelines. |
| Most of the remainder comes from wetlands, gas hydrates, permafrost, and termites. |
| Gas is transported in gigantic tankers and stored in tanks so cold that they create permafrost around them. |
| Melting permafrost means that polar bears cannot travel across the polar zone in search of seals. |
| For example, they hope to find some intact nuclei preserved in 20,000 year-old carcasses of woolly mammoths frozen in the permafrost in Siberia. |
| Also, special designs of roadbed through wetlands in permafrost terrain are required to protect the thermal regime in the underlying substrates. |
