| Surgeons and obstetricians are leaving or curtailing their practices, fleeing the increasingly high cost of malpractice insurance. |
| Obstetric forceps are potentially dangerous in the hands of untrained or inexperienced obstetricians. |
| Old-school birthing is back in style, with well-read women forsaking obstetricians for midwives and epidurals for warm baths. |
| General practitioners and, increasingly after 1950, obstetricians attended most parturient women. |
| Various forms of simple models are now being used to train midwives, doctors and obstetricians. |
| Childbirth without fear should become a reality for women, midwives, and obstetricians. |
