| Martinez characterizes Guatemalan colonial society as a pyramid of human strata with Spaniards and criollos on top, ladinos in the middle, and indios at the bottom. |
| Social pressure to ladinize also comes from the more powerful ladinos, who characterize Indians as stupid, lazy, and uncivilized. |
| By the time Javier reached Sarajevo in 1996, most of the Ladinos had disappeared. |
| These Amerindian-Spanish people are known locally as Ladinos. |
| Ladinos are usually mestizos, people of mixed Amerindian and European descent. |
| In turn, they were treated by Ladinos as children or as persons of little worth. |
