| Moreover, larger hunting parties are less likely to lose kills to kleptoparasites because they reduce carcass access time. |
| Larval kleptoparasites of solitary aculeates are also found in the Bombyliidae and Chloropidae. |
| Some species such as skuas, jaegers, and sheathbills are considered obligate kleptoparasites, particularly during the breeding season or on migration. |
| Collections were transported on ice to Flinders University, where census data were obtained from intact galls without kleptoparasites. |
| However, they are in competition with other kleptoparasites for opportunities to steal food. |
| Adults may be robbed of their catch by avian kleptoparasites such as frigatebirds, skuas, other terns or large gulls. |
