| On land, the vegetation generally consisted of conifers, cycads, ginkgos, ferns and horsetails. |
| By the end of the Devonian, ferns, horsetails and seed plants had also appeared, producing the first trees and the first forests. |
| During the Carboniferous the climate was hot and humid, and there were extensive swampy forests dominated by giant tree ferns and conifers, club mosses, and horsetails. |
| The latter group comprises the archaeocalamites, calamites, and horsetails. |
| Gymnosperms, including conifers, gingkoes, and cycads, were very numerous, as were ferns and horsetails. |
| Liverworts, hornworts, mosses, clubmosses, resurrection plants, quillworts, horsetails, ferns, cycads, ginkgos, conifers, and flowering plants are all plants. |
