| The powder is made by heating powdered petroleum coke above the temperature of graphitization, sometimes with minor modifications. |
| A high graphitization potential will result in irons with graphite as the rich carbon phase, while a low graphitization potential will result in irons with iron carbide. |
| The drop in hardness accompanying secondary graphitization produces a corresponding reduction in tensile and fatigue strength as well. |
| Silicon and aluminum increase the graphitization potential for both the eutectic and eutectoid transformations and increase the number of graphite particles. |
