| If appropriate dosages of a tricyclic antidepressant or gabapentin do not provide adequate relief, strong opioids such as oxycodone, morphine, or methadone may be required. |
| Use carbamazepine, gabapentin, or lamotrigine for neuropathic pain instead of the more toxic tricyclic antidepressants. |
| A study to compare circulating flunixin, meloxicam and gabapentin concentrations with prostaglandin E2 levels in calves undergoing dehorning. |
| The most useful drugs are anticonvulsants, especially gabapentin and carbamazepine, and tricyclic antidepressants, especially amitriptyline. |
| Third-line therapy, reserved for desperate cases, is gabapentin or tiagabine. |
| A double blind crossover study of gabapentin to treat restless legs syndrome found that it improves both sensory and motor symptoms. |
