| Cinder block dissipaters outside irrigation gates prevent floodwaters from eroding the floor. |
| Steady, open-channel flow under uniform and gradually varied conditions, control sections, hydraulic jumps, and energy dissipaters. |
| Therefore, the texture of the bottoms of channels should be made rough with vegetation or riprap, and outlet structures should be properly designed with energy dissipaters. |
| Parametric studies on geometrical variables were performed to investigate the low-cycle fatigue behaviors and deformation patterns of the proposed bamboo-shaped dissipaters. |
| Test results showed that all-steel bamboo-shaped dissipaters showed stable hysteretic curves and no local or overall buckling were observed. |
| It was found that inclusions in the material act as crack arresters and energy dissipaters. |
