“The species with maternal care all fall in the monophyletic subgenus Gonioctena, but while ovoviviparity is also found in these species it also occurs in subgenera lacking maternal care.”

“Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, which was before called ovoviviparity.”

“They apparently oviposit within the test where the eggs quickly hatch, a form of ovoviviparity found in other species of the subfamily Tachardininae.”