“The cacique was revered as a wise and influential leader among the indigenous tribe, guiding his people with his authority and expertise.”

“According to Ridgely and Tudor, it is more likely to be mistaken for a cacique than an oropendola in the field.”

“As in Cuba, Jamaica's inhabitants divided their island into provinces, each ruled over by a cacique assisted by village headmen or sub-chiefs.”

“Moreover, new caciques emerged in the wake of agrarian reform, as officials of the agrarian bank and ejidal bosses entrenched themselves locally.”

“A share tenant system has made most farmers captives of landlords, or caciques.”

“By February the Indian caciques saw the Spaniards were at their mercy and refused to provide any more provisions.”