| Kocherov and colleagues published their results of LESS for a total of 14 procedures, including nephrectomy, gonadectomy, and varicocelectomy. |
| Djaladat et al assessed the presence of ASAB before and six months after varicocelectomy and compared those patients to an idiopathic infertile population without varicocele. |
| Eighteen months later, the patient underwent left varicocelectomy for a varicocele, but developed a left hydrocele as sequelae. |
| The procedures that are believed ineffective included varicocelectomy, radical cystectomy, orchidopexy and laparoscopic stone removal. |
| In all patients, subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy was done by the same surgeon who tried to preserve lymphatic vessels, testicular and vasal arteries in every case. |
| This is an observational study performed by measuring ASAs before and after varicocelectomy. |
