| Er-based laser system can achieve effective ablation at temperatures well below the melting and vapourization temperatures of enamel. |
| Because the constant flow is obtained without fluid vapourization, the pressure loss is greatly reduced and the noise and erosion are avoided. |
| The main processes are: unloading LNG from LNG tankers, unloading Orimulsion® from Orimulsion® tankers, LNG storage, LNG vapourization and natural gas send-out, and Orimulsion® transfer to Orimulsion® tanks. |
| A more detailed model involving simultaneous mass transfer, reduction and vapourization steps was formulated. |
| Because an ultrasonic nozzle was used to atomize the solution into nanodroplets, only low temperature was required for the vapourization of the droplets. |
| Using CFD location of ethanol injector in the inlet manifold can be optimized for better engine performance and vapourization phenomenon. |
