| Accordingly, in keeping with the neutrality about uninstantiated properties recommended above, this article will not assume that concepts of properties and relations always refer to real things. |
| In general, however, one should not simply assume without argument that an uninstantiated property or relation exists. |
| At the same time, Jubien's objection under-generalizes once we consider the actualist who identifies possible worlds with uninstantiated maximal properties. |
| A difficult question over which philosophers disagree is whether properties and relations can exist even if they are completely uninstantiated. |
