| Oman is a sultanate with a sultan as the head of state and head of government. |
| Then followed the long rule of the Sultanate, the Mughals and then their decline. |
| Persecutions followed the death of the great Caliph, particularly in the sultanate of Egypt. |
| The normal end of Roman Imperialism is a sultanate like that of Diocletian. |
| It engaged in fierce competition for control of its periphery with the nearby sultanate of Tidore. |
| Far to the west, near Lake Chad, arose in 1520 the sultanate of Baghirmi, which reached its highest power in the seventh century. |
