| The apparent anatomic simplicity of salamanders may be a direct and phylogenetically secondary outcome. |
| Differences in chloroplast structure, though not major, occur among phylogenetically diverse plant groups. |
| Using a phylogenetically based selection of wild moths collected from a Nearctic site, we report that earless species fly less throughout the night than eared species. |
| The hypothesis that the frill was widely used in defense by ceratopsians such as Protoceratops can thus be tested phylogenetically. |
| Additionally, these pH1N1 isolates harbouring the D222G mutation are not distinct phylogenetically. |
| The same mode of increase has been adopted independently in phylogenetically distinct clades. |
