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What is a micronucleus?

What is a micronucleus? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (biology) A small nucleus.
  2. (biology) The smaller of the nuclei of a ciliate protozoan.
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In the latter case it is often called the paranucleus or micronucleus.
Tetrahymena divide by binary fission during vegetative growth, and the micronucleus and macronucleus are propagated by mitotic and amitotic division, respectively.
In order to test for structural changes the in vitro micronucleus assay has been widely adopted.
The macronucleus is spherical, centrally placed, and with one micronucleus closely applied.
The lost chromosome may form a micronucleus that can be detected cytogenetically.
As a result, the normal complement of DNA in the micronucleus is 4C during the amitotic division of the macronucleus and cytokinesis.

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