| The Norman jarl Gundraed attacked Galicia with 100 ships and 8,000 warriors. |
| This was the first time this title had been used in Norway, and meant that the title jarl was no longer the highest rank below the king. |
| But the name earl gradually merged with the Danish jarl and, after the reign of Alfred, earls took over the responsibilities of ealdormen. |
| Birger was appointed jarl in 1248 by the last member of the family of St. Erik, Erik Eriksson, to whose sister he was married. |
| Eric resumed the reins of government, with the Folkung, jarl Ulf, at the helm. |
| These he granted to jarl Svein, who was the betrothed of his sister Holmfrid. |
