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What is an isocyanate?

What is an isocyanate? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) the univalent radical -N=C=O (tautomeric with cyanate), and any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives R-N=C=O
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Examples
Studies have indicated that exposure to substances containing free isocyanate monomers present some health hazards when protective clothing is not worn.
Biological monitoring of isocyanate is possible using albumin adducts and their corresponding diamines in plasma and urine.
The single worst industrial accident in history occurred on December 3, 1984 when some 45 tons of the dangerous gas methyl isocyanate escaped from the Union Carbide plant in, India.
The two liquid precursors of a polyurethane are a multifunctional isocyanate and a prepolymer, a low-molecular-weight polyether or polyester bearing a multiplicity of reactive end-groups such as hydroxyl, amine, or amide.
Polyurethane foam is formed by mixing an organic polyol and an isocyanate along with amine or organometal catalysts and a fluorocarbon blowing agent.
The selection of the appropriate protective clothing will depend on a number of factors such as the type of paint, isocyanate exposure, how concentrated they are and environmental conditions such as ventilation.

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