| Mr. Lindsay attempted to elucidate the action of the intumescence in raising and depressing the petiole, in the following manner. |
| The oxide is reduced with intumescence to the metallic state, and the bead becomes clear again. |
| When these copolyphosphates were treated with fire for 10 s, intumescence is observed on the surface of copolyphosphates which retards further flaming of the polymers. |
| Notice whether the substance fuses with the bead, and if so, whether there is intumescence or not. |
| This timeframe is adapted depending on the thickness of the test specimen, so as to obtain the maximum expansion rate without damaging the intumescence. |
| In the reduction flame, upon charcoal, it is reduced to the metal with intumescence. |
