| The calling song is used to attract females and is known to play an important role in intersexual and intrasexual selection. |
| Unlike the role of beta song in intrasexual interactions, alpha song probably plays a role in intersexual selection. |
| The bourgeois tactic typically involves the first level, where behavioral and morphologic adaptations are often subject to both intrasexual and intersexual selection. |
| This pattern is consistent with either intersexual or intrasexual selection and warrants further investigation. |
| Larger heads in males may be the result of sexual selection, as males with larger heads may exhibit greater success in intrasexual encounters. |
| Dimorphisms can also be the product of intrasexual selection between males and females. |
