Cleavage is complete, or holoblastic, in many invertebrates including coelenterates, annelids, echinoderms, tunicates, and cephalochordates. |
As examples of this, the frog embryo undergoes holoblastic cleavage with divisions occurring throughout the developing embryo. |
Interestingly, multiple lineages of Hymenopterans have switched from syncytial to holoblastic embryonic cleavage, or to polyembryonic development. |
In cases of holoblastic cleavage, the blastomeres become arranged in a layer from one to several cells thick surrounding the cavity. |
Cleavage in amphibians is holoblastic, but the size of the blastomeres is very uneven. |