| The heteroatom compounds such as asphaltenes exist as colloidal dispersions in crude oil and were peptized by other components present in the oil. |
| The problem that occurs is that the major constituents of all of these new materials are hydrocarbon or heteroatom based. |
| Unlike similar systems reported in the literature, the phenylamine group is bonded to the bridge by a nitrogen heteroatom. |
| Figure 2 depicts the heteroatom class and type distribution of LSO and SLTCT derived from a negative-ion ESI FT-ICR MS spectrum. |
| Another common reaction, useful in the formation of ring systems containing a heteroatom such as nitrogen, is the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction. |
| Two types of catalysts were used to compare their activities at heteroatom removal. |
