| The differential diagnosis included metastatic lymphoma, epidural abscess, hematoma, and vascular malformation. |
| The patient developed a post operative hematoma, probably due to the intraoperative damage to the inferior vena cava. |
| A hematoma usually results from multiple punctures and failure to apply adequate compression on the injured vessel. |
| Neuroimaging may diagnose vascular disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus, tumors, abscess, or subdural hematoma. |
| Disruption of vessels in the cord can lead to exsanguination of blood that, if confined to the cord, forms a hematoma. |
| In these cases, if the globe is proptotic and tense, the physician should suspect a retrobulbar hematoma. |
