| A successful voiced fricative thus requires a delicate balance between meeting the aerodynamic needs for both voicing and frication. |
| The first order derivative of the frication noise passes through the parallel filter set. |
| In order to maintain sustained voicing, the intraoral pressure might not be high enough to create the necessary frication noise, resulting in voiced approximants. |
| The shaded areas in a and b indicate the waveforms for the prenasalization of and the frication noise of, respectively. |
| The cutoff point was the onset of frication, which, in all cases, roughly coincided with the end of voicing. |
| Parallel processing: a noise, called frication noise, is added to the excitation source. |
