| Males will mate with females that inhabit their territory or seek out estrus females if no territory is established. |
| On the afternoon of estrus, the resident male appeared to actively defend the receptive female on his territory. |
| Fillies began ovulating and advertising estrus by adopting a distinctive posture between one and two years of age. |
| Chenoweth described biostimulation as the positive stimulatory effects of a bull on estrus, ovulation, or pregnancy. |
| Female chipmunks are in estrus for 1 day a year in late April or early May. |
| To assess whether shadowing was linked to estrus, we required an estimate of the likely estrous period for females. |
