| That study demonstrated that in anesthetized birds, resting on their sternum, one of the epaxial muscles was consistently active during inspiration. |
| The dorsal block of muscle is known as the epaxial musculature, and the ventral block, the hypaxial. |
| All of this head motion must be executed by epaxial musculature if the pectoral girdle is reduced or lost, which requires a strong anchor and lever for force transmission. |
| In galloping, the epaxial and hypaxial muscles function to produce dorsoventral bending of the vertebral column, and muscles fire bilaterally and uniphasically. |
| The epaxial muscles insert on the posterior aspect of the chondrocranium, which later ossifies into the exoccipitals and supraoccipital of the skull. |
| In reptiles the epaxial muscles, although still retaining a semi-segmental structure, are divided into several structural and functional units. |
