| Because of the lower roof surface temperature on roofs with a high emissivity and high reflectivity, urban heat islands can be reduced with widespread use of cool roofs. |
| This is because metal performs well when it comes to both emissivity and solar reflectivity. |
| Notice that the average emissivity gradually decreases with increasing angle away from normal incidence. |
| This inversion technique takes into account atmospheric effects on the radiation and spatial variations in the surface emissivity and backscatter. |
| Low emissivity glass has a special surface coating to reduce heat transfer back through the window. |
| The emissivity increases with the temperature, else no state of thermal equilibrium could be reached. |
