| Charged and polar residues played an important role due to favorable electrostatic interactions. |
| The bonding between the ligand and the metal ion is intermediate between covalent and electrostatic. |
| A cut-off was used for van der Waals interactions and PME summation was used for calculation of the electrostatic interactions. |
| These currents make it more difficult to use an electrostatic field to interrogate the system. |
| At the end of the trap, electric fields focus the ions into the heart of an electrostatic mirror. |
| Less than a decade ago, the electrostatic plotter was the top-of-the-line plotter. |
