| A cut-off was used for van der Waals interactions and PME summation was used for calculation of the electrostatic interactions. |
| At the end of the trap, electric fields focus the ions into the heart of an electrostatic mirror. |
| The electrostatic free energies depend sensitively on the dielectric constant assigned to the protein interior. |
| The bonding between the ligand and the metal ion is intermediate between covalent and electrostatic. |
| But ionizers don't work any better than high-efficiency particulate air filters or electrostatic filters in removing allergens from the air. |
| Charged and polar residues played an important role due to favorable electrostatic interactions. |
