| The term monoicous may be used where antheridia and archegonia occur on the same gametophyte and the term dioicous where they occur on different gametophytes. |
| Dioicous plants are unisexual, meaning that the same plant has only one sex. |
| Gametophytes, which may be either monicous or dioicous, produce gametangia in modified apices. |
| For example, it is estimated that between one quarter and half of all dioicous pleurocarps have dwarf males. |
