| Conclusion: Fetal hydrolaparoscopy endoscopic fetal cystotomy can be performed in complicated cases of lower obstructive uropathy. |
| Further experience with fetal hydrolaparoscopy endoscopic fetal cystotomy is necessary to establish its risks and benefits. |
| Operative cystotomies occurred for 3 patients: 2 cystotomies were repaired laparoscopically, and 1 cystotomy required laparotomy. |
| A cystotomy is then performed to remove all possible calculi, followed by routine closure of the bladder. |
| One cystotomy lesion was managed conservatively. |
| Study Design: Fetal hydrolaparoscopy endoscopic fetal cystotomy was performed in a patient with a markedly thickened bladder that could not be entered percutaneously. |
