| Nevertheless Langenbuch's open cholecystectomy remained the gold standard for symptomatic cholelithiasis for over a century. |
| Hepatobiliary disorders: Bile duct obstruction, cholelithiasis. |
| Includes cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. |
| Splenectomy effectively arrests the extravascular hemolysis and prevents its long-term complications, such as cholelithiasis and aplastic crises. |
| Liver function tests, such as lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, may be elevated in alcoholic liver disease and pancreatitis associated with cholelithiasis. |
| Among his many contributions to pathology was his observation of cholelithiasis as a disease distinct from mere hypochondria or epigastic pain. |
