| Mathrafal is the original capital of the Kingdom of Powys, in the cantref of Caereinion. |
| However it would not be until 1136 that the cantref was firmly within Gwynedd's control. |
| Ergyng eventually became a mere cantref, the Welsh equivalent of a hundred. |
| Gwent may also have extended east of the River Wye into areas known as Cantref Coch, which later became the Forest of Dean. |
| Fishguard is within the historic Welsh cantref of Cemais, and part of the Welsh province of Dyfed, within the historic Principality of Deheubarth. |
| Meirionnydd was then a vassal cantref of Powys, and the family there a cadet of the Mathrafal house of Powys. |
