| These types of changes were normally seen between complete strangers in blood, and were not usually used to indicate any form of cadency. |
| The rose is the emblem of England and in heraldry is used as the mark of cadency for a seventh son. |
| Marks of cadency are determined and granted for life to the individual by Royal Warrant. |
| In England, crests are theoretically subject to marks of cadency and difference. |
| By a curious divergence the bordure wavy is not a mark of illegitimacy in Scotland, but a mark of perfectly legitimate cadency. |
| The Mounteneys further difference their common arms, for cadency, after this manner. |
