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What does betaine mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word betaine? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (organic chemistry) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-
  2. (organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.
  3. (organic chemistry) Any similar compound, based on sulfur or phosphorus etc, having an onium ion with no hydrogen atom adjacent to the anionic atom.
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Examples
Extracted from the sugar beet, betaine can lower serum cholesterol and increase serum phospholipids to fight atherosclerosis.
Rawles is investigating ways to increase the combination's palatability by adding fish solubles, betaine, or other ingredients.
Choline dehydrogenase of E. coli catalyses the first step in the synthesis of betaine, the oxidation of choline.
These experiments provided the first example of genetically engineered plants with the ability to synthesize betaine at appreciable levels.
The supplements also included betaine, which can help bypass any enzyme defect.
Many plant species accumulating betaine inhabit saline and arid areas and accumulate the compound in response to drought and salinity.

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