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What is a beta particle?

What is a beta particle? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (physics) An energetic electron or positron produced as the result of a nuclear reaction or nuclear decay.
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When this occurs, the electron shoots out of the atom and is called a beta particle, a type of radioactivity.
The range of the phosphorus P32 beta particle, which has a maximum energy of 1.71 MeV, is 2.8 mm of aluminium.
Next smaller in mass is the beta particle, which is identical in mass and charge to an electron.
During this process the nucleus expels a negative beta particle as radiation.
The emitted beta particle travels through air at close to the speed of light.
Its existence was suggested to explain missing energy and angular momentum when a beta particle was emitted from a radioactive element.

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