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What is a beta particle?

What is a beta particle? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (physics) An energetic electron or positron produced as the result of a nuclear reaction or nuclear decay.
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Examples
The range of the phosphorus P32 beta particle, which has a maximum energy of 1.71 MeV, is 2.8 mm of aluminium.
Next smaller in mass is the beta particle, which is identical in mass and charge to an electron.
Adding a neutron, which has one unit of mass, to 238 U gives 239 U, which decays rapidly to a new element by emitting a beta particle.
The weak nuclear force is involved, and the neutron is converted into a proton when the beta particle is emitted.
During this process the nucleus expels a negative beta particle as radiation.
When a nucleus ejects a beta particle, one of the neutrons in the nucleus is transformed into a proton.

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