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What is a beta particle?

What is a beta particle? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (physics) An energetic electron or positron produced as the result of a nuclear reaction or nuclear decay.
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Examples
When this occurs, the electron shoots out of the atom and is called a beta particle, a type of radioactivity.
Adding a neutron, which has one unit of mass, to 238 U gives 239 U, which decays rapidly to a new element by emitting a beta particle.
When a nucleus decays, through the emission of either an alpha or beta particle, the resulting new nucleus is often left in an excited state.
Beta emissions involve the loss of an electron from the nucleus as a beta particle during the conversion of a neutron into a proton.
She got hit in the hip with a beta particle dagger, but it missed most major tendons.
The range of the phosphorus P32 beta particle, which has a maximum energy of 1.71 MeV, is 2.8 mm of aluminium.

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