| When dried in open air, alburnum and duramen turn reddish brown. |
| This consists in cutting a ring round the tree with axes through the bark and sapwood, or alburnum, into the brown wood beneath. |
| In some trees a difference in color exists between the outer part of the wood, the sapwood or alburnum, and the inner part, the heartwood or duramen. |
| The larvae burrow galleries in particular in the alburnum which become full of gnawed waste causing serious structural damage to the wood which can lose all its structure and solidity. |
| The larvae which breeds at its best in very humid wood, attacks all indigenous Hardwood with soft wood and with large vessels, plus the alburnum of the hard species, in particular Oak. |
| The mixture of bark and alburnum was next placed upon a smooth stone, and mashed into a fibre of a yellowish colour. |
