| In principle, these rusts can enter on plants for planting of the coniferous aecial hosts, but it is noteworthy that P. roxburghii is practically unknown in Europe and there would be no reason to import it. |
| The presence of two or more forms in the strains from single aecial cups indicates that the aecia are not the product of the fusion of the hyphae of a single form at the base of the aecium. |
| The aecial hosts are the five-needled pines Pinus cembra var. |
| Pycnia protrude through the bark, exuding an orange-yellow fluid and are later followed by the erumpent orange-yellow aecial blisters. |
| The fungus causes severe symptoms on fruits of its aecial hosts apple and quince. |
| In the inner wall facing the aecial cavity, the primary wall materials surrounding the processes disintegrate, partially exposing them. |
