| Honest and pious Muslims opposed to Umayyads usurping power were severely persecuted. |
| The Nasrid architecture marked the end of the glorious period that started with the Umayyads in Cordoba in the 8th century. |
| Luxury ivory objects like this casket are an important feature of the arts under the Spanish Umayyads. |
| The one surviving member of the Umayyads fled to Spain where he continued to claim to be caliph at Cordoba. |
| Translation of scientific books into Arabic had already begun, but under the Abbassids, who succeeded the Umayyads, it was greatly accelerated. |
| This decorative panel comes from the ancient Umayyad citadel of Córdoba, the home of the Umayyads until the construction of Madinat al-Zahra. |
