| In 1606, he was tortured and killed by the Mughal emperor Jahangir, for refusing to make changes to the Granth and for not converting to Islam. |
| This was the case when Hinduism became Abrahamized as it was re-represented in India and elsewhere as an alternative' to Islam. |
| Osman's early followers consisted both of Turkish tribal groups and Byzantine renegades, many but not all converts to Islam. |
| The Barbary corsairs were nominally under Ottoman suzerainty, but had considerable independence to prey on the enemies of Islam. |
| Banda Singh was executed by the emperor Farrukh Siyar after refusing the offer of a pardon if he converted to Islam. |
| Among Muslims, such a change was considered apostasy from Islam, which was the dominant religion in Algeria. |
