| So what he does here is to almost exclude from his modernized inner-outer languages model MIA Gandhari and NIA Dardic because they share so few isoglosses with the rest. |
| The first lemma is basically limited to Nuristani and Dardic, but it is also found in Oriya, however with a different meaning. |
| The Nuristanis, who speak Western Dardic, inhabit an area of some 5,000 square miles in Laghman, Nangarhar, and Konar provinces, north and east of Kabul. |
| The Iranian languages, Persian, Afghan Pushtu, Pathan Pushtu, Baluchi, and Tajik, as well as the closely related Dardic, including Kafiri, have been left unstippled. |
| Probably most have returned to Afghanistan Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern zone, Dardic, Shina. |
