| In the south was Characene, while to the northeast of Ctesiphon, which had supplanted Seleucia as the Parthian capital, was Garamea, with its capital at modern Kirkūk. |
| Julian had now reached the western suburb of Ctesiphon, which had lost its old name of Seleucia and was known as Coche. |
| It would have been madness to leave Ctesiphon unassailed, and to press forward against Susa and Persepolis. |
| The latter became emperor in 193 and began operations that permitted him to occupy first northern and then southern Mesopotamia and, for the third time in a century, Ctesiphon. |
| A new attempt to place a son on the throne in Armenia angered Rome, which, with the aid of the nobility, sent for Tiridates III, a pretender the barons had crowned at Ctesiphon. |
| The Parthian capital Ctesiphon was sacked by the legions and the northern half of Mesopotamia was annexed to the Empire. |
