“In Scotland, parishes are either burghal, i.e. those comprised wholly within a burgh royal; landward, those forming a rural district; or mixed, i.e. a burgh with a rural district attached.”

“The reconstruction of the burghal system that was set up after 920 is a complex matter.”

“A few of the smaller burghal forts were short-lived and have remained largely undisturbed by subsequent development since their abandonment.”