| The creatures inhabited oases dotting a similar desert landscape 250 million years ago, feeding on fish as well as other aquatic tetrapods. |
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| In other tetrapods, haemal arches do not begin for several vertebrae posterior to the sacrum. |
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| The labyrinthodonts, parareptiles and theromorphs were among the most ancient tetrapods. |
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| Evolutionists sought the ancestry of the tetrapods among the lobe-finned fishes. |
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| The limbs and appendicular musculature of tetrapods are a further elaboration of the non-axial musculature. |
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| Many small and some large tetrapods with no obvious arboreal features can get into trees. |
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| The fins are very flexible and potentially useful for supporting the body on land, as in lungfish and tetrapods. |
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| The plants, invertebrates, and tetrapods can be thought of as three separate subsystems of the larger terrestrial ecosystem. |
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| Bramble and Wake have expanded the idea of a food transport cycle basic to all feeding modes for terrestrially feeding tetrapods. |
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| All these taxa are relevant to the history of the conquest of land by vertebrates because they are outside the large clades of extant tetrapods. |
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| Before tetrapods existed, vertebrates were all confined to living in aquatic habitats. |
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| Modern classifications of the tetrapods rely on the structure of the skull. |
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| One lineage of stereospondyls, the Trematosauridae, actually took up a life in the oceans, the only stem tetrapods ever to have done so. |
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| Among tetrapods, most species of mammals, birds, amphibians, and chelonians are larger at higher latitudes. |
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| The early tetrapods of this time were amphibian-like animals that eventually gave rise to the reptiles and synapsids by the end of the Paleozoic. |
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| Many extant tetrapods communicate intraspecifically via a mixture of pheromonal and non-pheromonal cues. |
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| These similarities have prompted evolutionists to confidently declare that crossopterygians evolved into tetrapods. |
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| Like tetrapods, but unlike all other fishes, they also have frontal bones in the skull roof. |
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| Along with the Diadectidae, Edaphosaurus is one of the earliest known plant-eating tetrapods. |
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| Distally expanded or paddle shaped geometries characteristic of rowing appendages are found in crustaceans, insects, teleosts, and tetrapods. |
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| Such a mechanism would have been analogous to expansion of the buccal and gular cavities of fishes and many tetrapods by the hyobranchial muscles acting on the hyoid arches. |
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| It has commonly been inferred that the stapes, a bone in the cheek region of early tetrapods, was important for transmitting airborne vibrations to the inner ear. |
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| It's a homologous structure found in both fish and tetrapods. |
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| In all tetrapods, LPFs in the environment result in release of adrenocorticotropin from the precursor molecule pro-opiomelanocortin in the anterior pituitary. |
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| The first tetrapods, or land-living vertebrates, appeared during the Devonian, as did the first terrestrial arthropods, including wingless insects and the earliest arachnids. |
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| Different labyrinthodont lineages gave rise to all the other tetrapods. |
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| The bones in their fins eventually evolved into legs and they became the first tetrapods, 390 million years ago, and began to develop lungs. |
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| The forebrain is well developed and subdivided in most tetrapods, while the midbrain dominates in many fish and some salamanders. |
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| We are synapsid tetrapods, a group of reptiles that almost went extinct 200 million years ago in competition with the better-designed dinosaurs. |
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| Terrestrial life in the Permian included diverse plants, fungi, arthropods, and various types of tetrapods. |
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| The number of described vertebrate species are split evenly between tetrapods and fish. |
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| Furthermore, we did not assess the possible stabilizing effect of using crutches or tetrapods, which could have influenced our results. |
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| Some aetosaurs, the next most common tetrapods, and early dinosaurs, passed through unchanged. |
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| Repeated horizontal transfer of a DNA transposon in mammals and other tetrapods. |
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| Around 400 million years ago, the fish began exploring land and evolved into tetrapods that are today's amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. |
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| In living amphibians, there is simply a cylindrical piece of bone below the vertebral arch, with no trace of the separate elements present in the early tetrapods. |
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| As with all tetrapods, lizards rely on internal fertilisation and copulation involves the male inserting one of his hemipenes into the female's cloaca. |
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| As in all other tetrapods, mammals have a larynx that can quickly open and close to produce sounds, and a supralaryngeal vocal tract which filters this sound. |
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| As these clumsy tetrapods slowly became more mobile and terrestrially comfortable, their efforts to move more efficiently became an evolutionary force. |
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| Long bones, which are found in the limb of tetrapods, are not only important for locomotion and supporting the weight of the body, but also host the bone marrow. |
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| The existence of millipedes, centipedes, insects, and spiders along-side the first tetrapods sustained a robust ecosystem in which most animals were predators or scavengers. |
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