| The impacts of, an attracticide approach can include both lethal and sublethal effects such as the interference with mate location by males. |
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| There was no sublethal damage to the one-day-old plants, which were all killed when attacked. |
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| Bovie and Hughes found that a sublethal dose of UV rays at 280 nm inhibited cell division of Paramecia. |
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| Other work in this field has focused on cellular and enzymatic biomarkers as indicators of sublethal effects. |
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| By confining small fish to living in suboptimal foraging habitat, predation may have important sublethal effects on populations. |
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| In the past, these parameters have been chosen with limited insight into the lethal and sublethal injury that may occur on a cellular level. |
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| From 1979 to 1985, he conducted his own extensive collaborative research program on the sublethal effects of oil on seabirds. |
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| In this part of the shell there is a reduction in septal spacing and there are no sublethal injuries. |
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| What is the nature of the damage inflicted by mechanical stress and how can this damage, including sublethal damage to cells, be detected? |
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| In many systems, sublethal oxidative stress was found to be involved either directly or indirectly in PCD processes. |
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| Numerous recessive lethal and sublethal mutations have been reported, as well as a few mutations causing flightlessness. |
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| Unlike the situation with gastropods, sublethal damage is relatively easy to interpret in ophiuroids and crinoids. |
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| Anything breathing the air or drinking the water is also exposed to a soup of chemicals, like dioxins, PCBs, and heavy metals, that can also have important sublethal effects. |
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| Most of these effects are likely to be sublethal, but the implications for the long-term survival of populations inhabiting impacted areas can be profound. |
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| The response at longer wavelengths was also different in that it displayed a threshold, temperature coefficient of 2 and caused retarded growth and other sublethal effects. |
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| Complete symptomatic recovery from sublethal poisoning usually occurs within one week once the source of exposure is completely removed. |
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| In bluegill sunfish, the sublethal effects were loss of equilibrium, laboured respiration, lying on the bottom and quiescence. |
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| Toxic effects may be either lethal, causing death, or sublethal. |
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| There will more likely be sublethal effects that make the fish more prone to, primarily, predators or diseases. |
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| Not only is the ability to induce Hsps reduced in senescent animals, but a brief, sublethal heat shock to young animals has been reported to extend life span. |
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| Such exposure may result in mortality or have sublethal effects, including carcinogenesis and physiological and reproductive impairment. |
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| Clearly, it will be years before the oil's full ecological impact — especially the sublethal effects on plants and animals — is fully understood. |
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| These studies, some of which have been presented above, document the sublethal effects of contaminants on the cellular signaling mechanisms of animals. |
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| Due to these exemptions, there were 11 mills operating in Cycle 3 that did not conduct field surveys and submitted only sublethal toxicity data. |
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| The test is quick and is among the most sensitive of marine sublethal toxicity tests. |
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| For the sublethal toxicity testing, the laboratory reports should be included as an appendix in the annual report. |
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| Using sublethal levels of heat on poultry can affect particular genes in the bacterium. |
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| The pattern of distributions for the Cycle 2 versus Cycle 3 sublethal toxicity results was similar for C. dubia, fathead minnow, S. capricornutum, topsmelt, inland silverside, C. parvula and, to a lesser degree, echinoderms. |
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| Finally, the Scientific Committee concluded that paraquat may be expected to cause lethal and sublethal effects for hares, but the available data are inadequate to estimate the proportion of hares affected. |
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| Acute, sublethal, antifeedant, and synergistic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. |
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| Another bioassay uses trout hepatocyte for various sublethal parameters. |
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| Are these changes genetically determined, or are they a result of accumulated sublethal injuries that the cell sustains from exposure to noxious environmental factors over time? |
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| In sublethal doses, the cyanide is rapidly detoxified by the human body through combination with sulfur to form nontoxic sulfocyanides, and recovery is usually complete within a few hours, with no permanent aftereffects. |
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| Chronic tests are used to determine sublethal effects, such as inhibited growth or reproduction, over durations of seven or more days depending on the lifespan of the organism. |
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| There is considerable agreement that seismic activities cause sublethal effects among fish and invertebrates, such as hearing loss, damage to internal organs, particularly damage to swim bladders, and perhaps even stress. |
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| It is especially difficult to identify chronic and sublethal biological effects that determine which chemicals meet the definition of being persistent and toxic. |
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| It is reasonable to assume that the sublethal effects of entanglement and entrapment exact a cost on the right whale population even though it may be impossible to document and quantify that cost. |
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| Although the levels of fish contamination do not reach disturbing levels, the contaminants could nevertheless exert a sublethal effect on animal populations. |
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| The most significant change to this method includes the requirement of regression statistics for quantitative data analysis and endpoint generation, and the change to a biomass sublethal endpoint. |
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| Because the gametes and the success of fertilization usually represent a sensitive part of the life cycle, this assay should be considered as a powerful and meaningful sublethal test. |
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| In addition to the priority areas identified, the analysis of sublethal toxicity data was carried out to assess overall changes in effluent toxicity before and after the implementation of secondary treatment at most mills. |
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| In light of the biochemical and histopathological results, it appears that sublethal effects could take place on sedentary bottom-dwelling fish, however these results were not confirmed. |
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| However, atrazine is known to have indirect and sublethal effects that were not measured in the experiment. |
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| Biomarkers of hydrocarbon exposure and sublethal effects in embiotocid fishes from a natural petroleum seep in the Santa Barbara Channel. |
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| In view of its multifarious uses, the plant extract was tested for its radioprotective properties against sublethal gamma radiation in Swiss albino mice. |
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| A major study by the Edinburgh-based Invertebrate Conservation Trust, Buglife, maintains that sublethal and chronic effects of exposure have not been adequately assessed. |
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| But a new federal study demonstrates that precooking servings to sublethal temperatures before the final cooking actually makes germ killing more difficult. |
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| If something did erupt, staff did not have sublethal munitions or gas. |
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