| Common commodities such as honey and sodium bicarbonate, acidic fruit juices and oils have been used through history as spermicides. |
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| Honey, pepper, and even animal dung were tried as spermicides or diaphragms. |
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| As they are used in conjunction with spermicides, some people find them a messy contraception method. |
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| Women were also excluded if they reported use of diaphragms, douches or spermicides. |
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| Improved barrier methods and potent safe spermicides with antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties are in demand. |
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| If use of spermicides and lubricants is contributing to symptoms, alternative contraception choices should be discussed. |
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| Nonhormone chemical contraceptives also include spermicides, which, as their name indicates, deactivate and kill sperm before they can fertilize the egg. |
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| It has been associated with chronic yeast infections and the use of chemical irritants such as soaps, spermicides and lubricants. |
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| The least effective methods are spermicides and withdrawal by the male before ejaculation. |
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| Uncontrolled diabetes, and the use of antibiotics and the contraceptive sponge, diaphragm and spermicides are associated with more frequent yeast infections. |
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| Those who had used the calendar method, spermicides, emergency contraception, withdrawal or douching were classified as having used an unreliable method. |
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