| At the Milanese court, Leonardo witnessed the use of visual puns in heraldry for Ludovico Sforza, Beatrice d' Este, and her sister, Isabella. |
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| With the arrival of the Sforza in the mid-15th century, Milan began to develop a Renaissance style, at times directly imported from Tuscany. |
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| She was married when very young to Don Gasparo de Procida, but the marriage was annulled by her father and she was betrothed in 1492 to Giovanni Sforza. |
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| In spite of the remonstrances of Spain and of the Sforza, he allied himself with France in January 1499 and was joined by Venice. |
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| Milan played a leading role, especially under Francesco Sforza who established permanent embassies to the other city states of Northern Italy. |
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| Following the death of the last Sforza Duke of Milan, Charles installed his son Philip in the duchy, despite Francis's claims on it. |
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| Cosimo de' Medici and Alfonso V of Aragon entered the Italic League, together with Pope Nicholas, with Francesco Sforza of Milan and with Venice. |
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| Alexander appealed to Ascanio Sforza and even to the Ottoman Sultan Bayazid II for help. |
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| By autumn Louis XII was in Italy expelling Lodovico Sforza from Milan. |
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| An Italian claim is a will of 1493 by the Milanese Sforza family. |
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