| To maintain the ecological seral stages of the ecosystem for avifaunal diversity in particular, and other biodiversity in general. |
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| The forests suffer frequently from recurring natural fires such that seral communities are most common. |
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| Managed forests in the western Cascades: the effects of seral stage on bat habitat use patterns. |
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| High diversity is sometimes a feature of dynamic or disturbed habitats, giving rise to an opportunity for seral vegetation succession. |
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| Elk was used to assess use by ungulates and to serve as an ecological indicator of use of early seral habitats. |
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| In lower valleys, mature forests consist of western hemlock and western red cedar, and seral stands consist of lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir with some western white pine and western larch. |
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| Significant remnants of early seral stages may still be present. |
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| Plant community structure and composition, tree productivity, and selected soil properties are being used to characterize five seral stages within 32 ecosites. |
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| Sustainable forest management by definition means the landbase continues to grow productive forests, although the amounts of early seral stages are normally greater than in naturally disturbed forests. |
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