| Gametophytic self-incompatibility is a widespread mechanism in flowering plants that prevents self-fertilization and promotes out-crossing. |
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| Because self-incompatibility operates after pollination, it reduces geitonogamous self-fertilization but not geitonogamous pollination. |
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| Many plants, apparently physically equipped for self-fertilization, were completely self-sterile. |
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| Physid snails usually cross-fertilize but are capable of occasional self-fertilization. |
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| Together, the three modes of geitonogamy make a much larger contribution to self-fertilization than autogamy. |
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| Both types of cleistogamous flowers are fertile and undergo self-fertilization. |
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| Chemical self-incompatibility is another device for preventing self-fertilization. |
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| Thus the stigmas of flowers are able to identify the genotype of pollen and avoid close inbreeding and self-fertilization. |
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| Soybeans exhibit a high percentage of self-fertilization, and cross pollination is usually less than one percent. |
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| In this case it appears that male sterility caused self-fertilization to fail but some days later cross-fertilization took place. |
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| Both individuals and gametes were unisexual, and self-fertilization was allowed. |
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| Flowering plants have several mechanisms that have evolved to prevent self-fertilization, e.g. self-incompatibility systems, heterostyly and dichogamy. |
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| After 50 min, eggs were examined by microscope to detect self-fertilization or sperm contamination. |
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| Some hermaphroditic species are capable of self-fertilization. |
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| One topic to be addressed when covering sexual reproduction in plants is how plants avoid self-fertilization. |
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| She explores how pollen helps plants avoid self-fertilization and what the granules can reveal about the evolution of plants. |
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| The task is complicated because it is difficult to determine whether seed is the result of a cross with the desired male parent or of self-fertilization. |
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| Baby snails produced by self-fertilization have lower chances of survival. |
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| Although in the short-term there was no significant disadvantage to self-fertilization, deleterious effects might accumulate over multiple generations of self-fertilization. |
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