How to use quarks in a sentence

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Sentence Examples In the course of the 20th century, science successively named electrons, protons, neutrons, and quarks. Yet experiments indicated that quarks within protons were only loosely bound together. The resulting theory would be able to describe the behavior of the universe, from quarks and atoms to entire galaxies. It describes a world in which electrons, quarks and the like are point particles that move in a manner dictated by the wavefunction. That process would briefly liberate the quarks and gluons that make up protons and neutrons. We know this must have happened, because we observe more quarks than antiquarks today. This process results in two jets of hadronic particles as the quarks form hadrons. Research into the atom's nucleus has uncovered a variety of subatomic particles, including quarks and gluons. This is because the proton is made of two up quarks and a down quark, while the neutron comprises two downs and an up. The scalar superpartners of quarks and electrons are called squarks and selectrons. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are made of elementary particles called quarks. Yet they implied the existence of quarks, which seem to be as real as any other objects that we take seriously. However, we find it difficult to describe the way that quarks and gluons bind together to form hadrons. In general, baryons consist of three quarks and mesons of one quark and its corresponding antiquark. At low temperatures, quarks are confined in hadrons, whereas at higher temperatures they form a quark-gluon plasma. The strong force is the one that is dominant in the atomic nucleus, acting between the quarks inside the proton and the neutron. The quarks recoiled, and the small shockwave forced three neutrons out of the atom. Quarks and charged leptons also feel the electromagnetic force, and quarks feel the strong force. Like quarks and leptons, the Higgs particle also derives its mass from coupling to the Higgs condensate. The antineutron contains one anti-up quark and two anti-down quarks, giving it a charge of 0, just like the regular neutron. Show More Sentences For instance, the force between two quarks is attractive when both the colours and the spins of each quark are different, or antisymmetric. Gell-Mann distinguished baryons from mesons, the other hadron subclassification, by the number of quarks constituting their make-up. Most particles are either mesons, which contain a quark and an antiquark, or baryons, which comprise three quarks or three antiquarks. Prior to this era, protons and neutrons and mesons don't exist, there is just a hot soup of quarks and gluons in their place. Must be because our mesons and quarks and stuff are linked, like the way you can see me even though I'm not really here. The quarks, in essence, spin like tops, as do the neutrons and protons themselves. Gluons are bosons, carriers of the strong force that bind quarks together into hadrons such as protons or neutrons. Even the protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus are believed to made of even smaller particles called quarks. A proton, found in the nucleus of an atom, is composed of three quarks and is a hadron. At earlier times than this, the familiar hadronic particles dissolve into a soup of quarks. The numerical charge equality between 3 quarks and an electron cannot be a coincidence. So with three strange quarks, the property which distinguishes them must be capable of at least three distinct values. At this energy level, two more quarks, the strange and charm quarks, exist. The charm quark stays effectively at rest inside the baryon because it is much more massive than the up, down and strange quarks. Not just another ad hoc addition to the company of quarks, the charm quark did so many things in a simple, economical package. Since the discovery of quarks in the 1960s, the core questions in nuclear and particle physics have evolved dramatically. That hallmark has indeed proved true for quarks, which form the bedrock of the standard model, the dominant paradigm of particle physics. Nuclear power is the process by which we can extract energy from the colour force between quarks. This property means that the closer quarks come to each other, the weaker the quark colour charge and the weaker the interaction. The world of the realist is populated by electrons and photons, quarks and gluons. Show More Sentences Let us consider the example of a high energy electron scattering inelastically with a proton, the result yielding evidence of quarks. Quantum chromodynamics, the current theory of the strong interactions, is a field theory of quarks and gluons. The electron then interacts electromagnetically with the quarks at close distance and considerably disturbs them. At this energy level, only up and down quarks, the electron and the electron neutrino exist. The new results promise to yield important information about the up and down quarks that comprise protons and neutrons. The simplest hadrons are therefore mesons made from a quark and antiquark pair, and baryons made of three quarks. According to quantum field theory, gluons and pairs of light quarks and antiquarks should be spontaneously emitted and re-absorbed by the quarks and gluons inside hadrons. Now nuclear physicists in Japan, Russia and the US have discovered a particle that contains two up quarks, two down quarks and a strange antiquark. The strong force is mediated by the gluon, which binds quarks together to form baryons and mesons and protons and neutrons together to form nuclei. They detected fewer particles from the collisions than standard theory predicts, suggesting that a tiny blob of unbound quarks and gluons may have been created. But then, we can detect pterodactyls and quarks only indirectly too. Even at the deepest level we know, of elementary particles, charge seems to be an integral part of the particles, quarks are charged, and so are electrons, muons, and taus. Perhaps no amount of heat can reduce quarks into smaller pieces, and quarks are the end of the road. Also, neutrons and protons are made up of tinier particles called quarks. In quantum physics, all elementary particles such as quarks, electrons and gluons are classified as either fermions or bosons, depending on their spin. In the Standard Model the couplings between the light quarks and the heavy quarks are proportional to the lengths of the sides of the triangle in the complex plane. What all atoms have in common is a large empty space, or void, which contains these quarks of energy, spinning around so fast as to provide the illusion of matter. A single quark will be surrounded by a sea of continuously appearing and annihilating virtual pairs of quarks and antiquarks, and virtual pairs of gluons and antigluons. We are way over stock on quarks, we have zillion and zillions. The antineutron, although neutral like the neutron, is distinguishable from the neutron because it is composed of two anti-down quarks and one anti-up quark. Show More Sentences Similar fun is had in other fields of science, as for instance by physicists who have named a class of elementary particles quarks, of which charm is one of the flavors. There is the almost impossibly small world of gluons and mesons and quarks, but also the infinitely vast cosmological field strewn with uncountable galaxies. In this model, nuclei are pictured as loose aggregates of nucleons each of which, according to the quark model, has three quarks locked inside it. A classic series of such experiments performed at SLAC in the 1960s and 1970s was crucial in convincing researchers that they were seeing quarks inside nucleons. The existence of quarks inside the mesons and baryons had to be deduced mathematically because free quarks have never been observed by particle physics. The wave functions of both the deuteron and the alpha particle are invariant under the interchange of up and down quarks but recall that the pion wave function is not. These include the charm and top quarks, which are heavy copies of the up quark, and the strange and bottom quarks, which are heavy copies of the down quark. Detailed matrix operations confirm that hadrons with quark-antiquark pairs, three quarks, or three antiquarks, are colorless combinations. It interacts with other quarks and antiquarks created out of the vacuum as it separates from what's left of the proton. A neutron is made up of quarks, while an antineutron is made up of antiquarks. Color charge is a fundamental property of quarks, which has analogies with the notion of electric charge of particles. The strange matter is a ultra-dense matter formed by a big number of strange quarks bounded together with an electron atmosphere. The ghostly realm of string theory, fermions, neutrinos and quarks was not even in the scope of theory. Previously, top quarks had only been observed when produced by the strong nuclear force. The collisions melted protons and neutrons and liberated subatomic particles known as quarks and gluons. The Higgs mechanism postulates the existence of the Higgs field which confers mass on quarks and leptons. In these, gluons that bind quarks together confer most of the particle mass. Physicists have known since the 1960s that protons and neutrons are made up of quarks, as are hundreds of other particles. Quarks are the building blocks of protons, neutrons, and more-exotic entities, whereas gluons are massless particles that glue together quarks. The vexing findings pertain to quarks, which are the main components of neutrons and protons. Show More Sentences Although quarks also carry color charge, hadrons must have zero total color charge because of a phenomenon called color confinement. These exchanges bind quarks together by changing a quark property known as color charge. In 1995 the Tevatron discovered the top quark, the last of the standard model's six quarks to be spotted. We will open new perspectives on the dynamics of quarks and gluons and sharpen our view of high-energy processes involving nucleons. The quarks that behaved as expected were down quarks, and the one that didn't was an up quark. In theory, quarks are closely bound within a nucleon connected by gluons to create protons, neutrons and other subatomic particles. A complex set of equations within the theory of quantum chromodynamics, or QCD, describes how quarks and gluons interact. Physicists expect others in the new particle family, like these initial two members, to consist of four quarks and one antiquark. Thus, in the discussion carried out below, baryons contain four quarks and one antiquark. The strange matter can be unmatter if these exists at least an antiquark together with so many quarks in the nucleons. This theory describes the force that binds different quarks and antiquarks together to create protons, neutrons, and other subatomic particles. The fundamental particles of matter are in two families, leptons and quarks. But some researchers proposed that Lambda could be one part meson and one part baryon, with a total of five quarks. A baryon is a mixture of three quarks such as that a proton is composed of two up quarks and one down quark and that a neutron is composed of one up quark and two down quarks. The particles' masses, decay products and other data indicated a composition of a charm quark, its antimatter counterpart, two up quarks and a down quark. Various new physics models, e.g., theories of compositeness, can accommodate the color singlet leptohadrons that interact with the leptons, quarks, leptoquarks, etc. It provides our best understanding of the strong interaction, describing the hadrons in terms of the elementary quarks and gluons and their interactions. Physicists have long wondered why no elementary particle discovered so far contains more than three of the fundamental building blocks known as quarks. Some extensions of the standard model posit the existence of preons as fundamental building blocks of quarks and leptons, which could hypothetically form preon stars. A phase of free quarks at high density might allow the existence of dense quark stars, and some supersymmetric models predict the existence of Q stars. Show More Sentences This structure, called a chiral condensate, consists of quark-antiquark pairs, but only certain types of quarks pair up with certain types of antiquarks. The quark matter would consist not only of the up and down quarks that make up protons and neutrons, but also strange quarks, which aren't found in ordinary matter. Examples from Classical Literature Electrons and quarks and other particles of matter all have oppositely charged antimatter partners. Find more words! 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